Millimeter-wave vehicular collaborative communication assisted by intelligent reflecting surface

 

Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Communication Meets Smart Surfaces

As connected and autonomous vehicles become a reality, the need for ultra-fast, low-latency communication is more urgent than ever. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication — operating at frequencies between 30–300 GHz — offers immense bandwidth and speed but suffers from signal blockage and short range. This is where Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) come into play, acting as smart “mirrors” that can dynamically redirect signals around obstacles, ensuring seamless connectivity in complex urban and highway environments.

Enhancing Car-to-Car & Car-to-Infrastructure Links

IRS panels, typically made of metasurfaces, can be strategically installed on buildings, road signs, or even lamp posts to enhance mmWave signal coverage. In vehicular networks, they improve Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication by forming robust, non-line-of-sight (NLoS) paths. This significantly reduces packet loss, improves handover stability, and supports cooperative driving features like platooning and real-time collision avoidance.

Collaborative Communication and Network Intelligence

The real power of this system lies in its collaborative nature. Vehicles equipped with mmWave radios and onboard intelligence can share their positions and link quality data in real time, allowing IRS units to dynamically adjust their reflection parameters. This collaborative communication approach, guided by AI and edge computing, ensures optimal signal paths are constantly maintained — even in highly mobile scenarios with dense traffic or complex road structures.

A Step Toward 6G-Ready Transportation

The integration of IRS with mmWave in vehicular networks is paving the way for 6G-ready intelligent transportation systems. With benefits like ultra-low latency, extended coverage, and energy efficiency, IRS-assisted mmWave communication is poised to become a backbone technology for smart cities. As research and deployment continue to mature, this synergy will transform how vehicles communicate, cooperate, and navigate in the connected future.


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